What is the Stevenson Quadrant?
Scheme of Stevenson’s Quadrants, where by means of parameters derived from impedance cardiography, the patient with decompensated heart failure is positioned within one of four physiologically different «quadrants», with their respective pharmacological management.
What is Stevenson B?
acute decompensated heart failure is the most common clinical presentation profile in our population with two thirds of all cases. The most frequent hemodynamic profile was «hot and humid» (Stevenson B), results that agree with those observed in local studies and international registries.
How is heart failure divided?
Classification of heart failure according to the NYHA. Functional class I: Ordinary activity without symptoms. There is no limitation of physical activity. Functional class II: The patient tolerates ordinary activity, but there is a slight limitation of physical activity, with dyspnea appearing with intense efforts.
What is acute heart failure?
Acute heart failure syndrome is defined as the presentation of signs and symptoms of ventricular dysfunction, which produce severe pulmonary hypertension, due to elevated left ventricular filling pressure with or without low cardiac output and requiring urgent therapy.
What are inotropic drugs?
Inotropes are medications that change the strength of the heart’s contractions. There are two types of inotropes: positive inotropes and negative inotropes. Positive inotropes increase the force of the beats. Negative inotropes reduce the force of the beats.
What is acute and chronic heart failure?
Acute HF: Rapid presentation. It is usually equivalent to acute pulmonary edema (PAD). Chronic HF: clinical stability of HF, regardless of its severity. Left-predominant HF: HF in which the signs and symptoms of pulmonary venous congestion predominate: dyspnea, orthopnea, DPN, crackles.
What is cardiac hypoperfusion?
Hypoperfusion: decreased blood supply to tissues. Arterial hypotension: low blood pressure figures. Jugular engorgement: Swelling of the jugular veins on both sides of the neck, which does not go away when the patient sits up. Inotrope: A drug that increases the contraction of the heart.
How long can a person with heart failure live?
Its mortality is comparable to that of the most prevalent cancerous processes, with survival figures at 4 years in many cases below 50%5. Even so, current advances in the treatment of heart failure have improved quality of life and survival.
How many types of heart failure are there?
Heart failure
- Congenital heart disease.
- Heart attack (when coronary artery disease results in a sudden blockage of an artery in the heart)
- Leaky or narrow heart valves.
- Infection that weakens the heart muscle.
- Some types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
How long does a person with heart failure have to live?
What is the most serious acute complication of heart failure?
Acute Pulmonary Edema (PAD): It is one of the most serious forms of presentation of acute heart failure, especially left heart failure.
What are the most used inotropes?
The most commonly used inotropes are:
- Dopamine.
- Dobutamine.
- Milrinone.
- Norepinephrine.
- Levosimendan.