ENEM – 2007
TEXT I
Read the fragments below to answer the question:
The sugar
The white sugar that will sweeten my coffee
this morning in Ipanema
not produced by me
nor did it appear inside the sugar bowl by a miracle.
I see it pure
and pleasant to the palate
like a girl’s kiss, water
in the skin, flower
that dissolves in the mouth. but this sugar
it was not made by me.
This sugar came
from the grocery store on the corner and neither did Oliveira, the grocery store owner.
This sugar came
of a sugar mill in Pernambuco
or in the State of Rio
and neither did the owner of the plant.
This sugar was cane
and came from the extensive cane fields
who are not born by chance
in the lap of the valley.
In distant places where there is no hospital
nor school,
men who can’t read and starve
at 27 years old
planted and harvested sugarcane
that would turn to sugar.
In dark mills,
men of bitter life
and it lasts
produced this sugar
white and pure
with which I sweeten my coffee this morning in Ipanema.
Source: “The sugar” (Ferreira Gullar. All poetry. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 1980, pp.227-228)
TEXT II
the sugar cane
Originally from Asia, sugar cane was introduced in Brazil by Portuguese settlers in the 16th century. The region that for centuries was the main producer of sugar cane in Brazil is the northeastern Zona da Mata, where the fertile massapé soils, in addition to the shorter distance from the European market, provided favorable conditions for this crop. Currently, the largest national producer of sugarcane is São Paulo, followed by Pernambuco, Alagoas, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. In addition to producing sugar, which is partly exported and partly supplies the domestic market, sugarcane is also used to produce alcohol, which is important nowadays as a source of energy and beverages. The immense expansion of sugarcane plantations in Brazil, especially in São Paulo, is linked to the use of alcohol as fuel.
Regarding texts I and II, mark the incorrect option:
a) In text I, instead of just informing about reality, or producing it, literary expression is used mainly as a means of reflecting and recreating reality.
b) In text II, of non-literary expression, the author informs the reader about the origin of sugarcane, the places where it is produced, how its cultivation began in Brazil, etc.
c) Text I starts from a common word – sugar – and expands its significant potential, exploring formal resources to establish a parallel between sugar – white, sweet, pure – and the life of the worker who produces it – hard, bitter, sad.
d) In text I, literary expression deconstructs language habits, basing its recreation on taking advantage of new ways of saying.
e) Text II is not literary because, unlike the literary one, it starts from an aspect of reality, and not from the imagination.