Fauvism
In 1905 and 1906 the French art critic Louis Vauxcelles used the term «fauves» to a group of painters. This initially pejorative term became the name of a new movement in Art. Fauves means beast in French.
Fauvism was the first movement of the century, it emerged in Paris. It features exaltation of pure and warm colors, placed in separate brushstrokes, attenuation of depth, abolition of linear perspective, arbitrary interpretation of half-planes of light and shadow (which are replaced by juxtaposed colors) and rejection of the intellectual elements of painting. colors different from the normal ones in this movement (people with green faces, trees with red trunks, etc.).
The beginnings of Fauvism can be found between 1900-1903 with Henri Matisse and Albert Marquet. The first exhibition was in 1905, Paris. Artists refused to follow impressionist norms, already accepted by critics and academics. by Cezanne.
The fauve movement had its equivalent in Germany: A Ponte, the German group as well as the French had already felt the impact of the stripped Art of black Africa and Oceania, as well as the colorism of Van Gogh, but A Ponte distinguished itself from true Fauvism by the expressionist dramatic character, with obvious social implications.
In France, Favism dispersed in 1908, when they stopped exhibiting together. Braque joined Picasso and founded Cubism, which had totally different principles from Fauvism. Derain approached Naturalism. Dafy developed an attenuated Fauvism, Vlaminck abandoned warm colors, to execute dynamic landscapes. Rouault followed a path that led to expressionism. Matisse was the most faithful to the movement.
Fauvism was the first movement to break completely with Renaissance art, impressionism innovated a lot, but it had not broken completely.
Expressionism
First great current of the 20th century. Taking advantage of impressionist techniques, mainly those of Van Gogh. In expressionism, it is customary to deform the pieces, bringing a different side of the piece, ugly, close to horror.
Expressionist behavior covers prehistoric, romantic, baroque, gothic manifestations and in the 20th century it has several avant-garde tendencies.
Expressionism was born around 1905 in Germany, it was an opposition to French Impressionism, expressionism was a movement more of the Nordic peoples: Slavs, Germans and Jewish soul
The movement has its origins in symbolism, which brings together conflicting ideas such as mysticism, morbidity and eroticism. (1863-1944).
In expressionism, the artist always seeks to express his feelings and emotions, as well as social problems, etc…
The first group of artists was called «the Bridge» after Munch’s painting «the Scream». Expressionism, mainly at the time of the 1st World War, began to paint the horrors of violence and war and the misery of the worker.
The main artist of this movement in Brazil is Candido Portinari.
Cubism
Revolutionary movement of modern art, emerged in Paris in 1907 and 1908, whose main figures were Pablo Picasso and George Braque. The name «Cubism» is due to the fact that the objects represented were «cubified».
It can be said that Cubism marks the end of the stage that began with Impressionism and the beginning of 20th century painting (modern art). The main source of inspiration for Picasso and Braque was the impressionist painter Paul Cézanne, who already past, used geometric shapes to represent the design.
Cubism was influenced by African (Black) art. The first example of Cubism was «The girls of Avignon» by Picasso. Less sense of space.
One of the strands of cubism was abstractionism, which emerged in 1910, which freed painting from its representative idea. Others were concretism, Analytical Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Also, other important movements derived from Cubism were Dadaism and Surrealism that emerged around 1920 when Europe was facing a post-war phase.
Complementary Bibliography
Mirador Encyclopedia
Folha de Sao Paulo newspaper
State of Sao Paulo Newspaper