O astigmatism It is a relatively common visual disorder in the population and is characterized as a “blurred” vision (distorted image), regardless of the distance the observer is from the object. Astigmatism is caused by a irregular shape of the cornea or lens. To correct the problem, you can use glasses with suitable lenses, contact lenses or even opt for correction surgery.
It is worth noting that astigmatism can occur alone or in association with other refractive defects, such as hyperopia and myopia. According to data from Hospital de Olhos de Santa Catarina, astigmatism is one of the most common eye problems and affects approximately 60% of Brazilians.
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What is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a vision problem characterized by inadequate focusing of light in the retinal regiontherefore being a refractive eye error. Improper focusing is the result of an irregular shape of the cornea, the lens, or both. In people with astigmatism, we often observe a more oval cornea, unlike patients who have normal vision, in which the cornea is round and smooth. The oval format promotes a refraction of light to several points, which leads to difficulty in forming just one focal point on the retina.
Astigmatism can occur as a result of an irregular shape of the cornea.
People with astigmatism have difficulty seeing both near and far, having what is called «blurry» vision. The greater the degree of astigmatism, the greater the distortions in the individual’s vision, which makes it difficult to perceive details.
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Causes of Astigmatism
Astigmatism is influenced by genetic factors, However, it may also have other causes, such as eye trauma that damaged the cornea. It is important to point out that it is common for children, in the first year of life, to present the problem, however, as they develop, it is corrected. It is worth noting that children who did not have astigmatism in their first year of life are unlikely to have the problem in adulthood.
symptoms of astigmatism
A person may suspect astigmatism when they notice the following symptoms:
Blurry vision is one of the symptoms of astigmatism.
- Difficulty seeing up close and also from afar;
- Blurry vision, as if looking through wavy glass;
- Sensitivity to light;
- Eye strain;
- Headaches caused by visual effort;
- Difficulty distinguishing details, such as identifying similar numbers and letters, such as M and N or 0 and 8.
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Diagnosis of astigmatism
The diagnosis of astigmatism is made by ophthalmologist in the ophthalmological office. During the consultation, the doctor performs a series of tests that can detect this vision problem, such as the test in which the patient needs to read a projection with letters and numbers and the use of a device in which several lenses are placed in front of the patient so that it indicates which lens is best for your vision.
astigmatism treatment
Astigmatism is a problem that can be treated through the use of contact lenses, eyeglasses or surgery. Lenses and glasses are intended to ensure that light rays are concentrated in a single point. Toric lenses are those contact lenses recommended for people with astigmatism. Eyeglass lenses are called cylindrical.
With regard to surgery, it is considered safe and effective, however not recommended for all patients who have the problem. For patients who have other eye diseases such as glaucoma and keratoconus, it is not recommended.
It is important to point out that only an ophthalmologist can correctly diagnose astigmatism and indicate the best treatment in each case. Do regular visits to the ophthalmologist, as some diseases are silent and can trigger visual impairment. Take good care of your eye health.
By Vanessa Sardinha dos Santos
Biology teacher